The styles, contents and layout in a LaTeX document are defined by means of tags or commands in a plain .tex file, this file can be used to generate several types of "human-readable" versions of the document. The easiest way to generate this final output is to use Overleaf. Overleaf has a ready-to-use LaTeX distribution and final documents can be generated by simply clicking the "Recompile" button; if this is your case you can skip this article. Otherwise, if you need to learn how to compile documents in your computer, this article describes how to generate PS, DVI and PDF output from a LaTeX file.
LaTeX documents are plain documents with a .tex extension (see the Creating a document in LaTeX article for examples), this plain text file has some markup commands that are meant to format the document but, how do you actually generate the final output?. It depends on the type of document you want to generate.
Suppose you saved your document and named the file "mydocument.tex". To create a .PDF file just run this command in the system terminal.
pdflatex mydocument.tex
And a file named "mydocument.pdf" will appear.
The set of programs that make possible to compile TeX and LaTeX documents is called a TeX typesetting or a TeX distribution. There are many TeX distributions available for different operating systems:
Of course, if you don't want to go through the process of installing a TeX distribution, you can use an on-line ready to use option like Overleaf.
There are many advanced text editors specifically dedicated to LaTeX for the most popular operating systems, some of them can be downloaded for free while others are proprietary software:
There are also general-purpose editors that add LaTeX-friendly options by means of plugins. For example the well known editors emacs and vim have both a Template:LaTeX extension, as do Atom, VS Code and Sublime Text.
It's worth to mention that the editor in Overleaf can be customized to emulate the emacs or vim behaviour. It is also themeable, so you can choose the same syntax highlighting of some of the aforementioned editors. You can find these settings by clicking on the Overleaf menu icon, above the file list panel in your Overleaf project.
There are three output formats available in all TeX distributions. To generate a specific output the document has to be compiled by running a command in a terminal (Linux and macOS) or the command prompt (windows).
For example, if you want to compile a file named "mydocument.tex" you can use one of the next commands:
latex mydocument.tex
pdflatex mydocument.tex
There are some additional commands that allow conversion between formats, PS images are also supported. See the reference guide for a schematic description of commands and output formats.
A description of each output format is provided below:
Note: Most of the editors nowadays include quick-access icons to compile to different output formats so you don't have to actually run the commands in a system prompt.
On Overleaf, the final compiled output is always a PDF document. If you are required to produce a DVI file from your Overleaf project, here's what you can do:
The other possible compiler settings are pdfLaTeX (the default), XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX. You can usually go with pdfLaTeX, but choosing a compiler depends on each project's needs.
\includegraphics
. If all the images in your project are .eps files, then this compiler setting is recommended.pstricks
well on Overleaf.)polyglossia
pacakge. They also support all of the .png, .jpg, .pdf and .eps image formats.pstricks
; but LuaLaTeX doesn't.In some cases, when your document includes cross-references, you must compile the source twice. It is necessary to include the correct numbers in the table of contents, list of images, reference numbers to theorems and so on.
During the first compilation the LaTeX compiler writes the .aux file for informations about different numbering and during the second one the compiler reads these informations in order to properly generate a table of contents, bibliography, etc.
This process can be automatized by the command latexmk
. For example, to create a pdf out of the "mydocument.tex" file, run
latexmk -pdf mydocument.tex
only once, even if the document has referenced images and bibliography. You can change -pdf to -dvi to set a different file type.
LaTeX compilation file flow